Ebola virus formerly designated Zaire ebolavirus) is one of five known viruses within the genus Ebolavirus.Four of the five known ebolaviruses, including EBOV, cause a severe and often fatal hemorrhagic fever in humans and other mammals, known as Ebola virus disease (EVD). Ebola virus has caused the majority of human deaths from EVD, and is the cause of the 2013–2015 Ebola virus epidemic in West Africa,which resulted in at least 28,616 suspected cases and 11,310 confirmed deaths.
Ebola virus and its genus were both originally named for Zaire (now the Democratic Republic of Congo), the country where it was first described,and was at first suspected to be a new “strain” of the closely related Marburg virus. The virus was renamed “Ebola virus” in 2010 to avoid confusion. Ebola virus is the single member of the species Zaire ebolavirus, which is the type species for the genus Ebolavirus, family Filoviridae, order Mononegavirales. The natural reservoir of Ebola virus is believed to be bats, particularly fruit bats,[9] and it is primarily transmitted between humans and from animals to humans through body fluids.
The EBOV genome is a single-stranded RNA approximately 19,000 nucleotides long. It encodes seven structural proteins: nucleoprotein (NP), polymerase cofactor (VP35), (VP40), GP, transcription activator (VP30), VP24, and RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (L).
Because of its high mortality rate (up to 83-90%), EBOV is also listed as a select agent, World Health Organization Risk Group 4 Pathogen (requiring Biosafety Level 4-equivalent containment), a U.S. National Institutes of Health/National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases Category A Priority Pathogen, U.S. CDC Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Category A Bioterrorism Agent, and listed as a Biological Agent for Export Control by the Australia Group.
Ebola virus disease (EVD) or Ebola hemorrhagic fever (Ebola HF) is a type of viral hemorrhagic fever that occurs in humans and non-human primates (gorillas, monkeys, chimpanzees) due to infection with Ebola virus. Ebola first appear in 1976 in two outbreaks that occur in Sudan and the Democratic Republic of Congo in Africa. The virus that is operation uncontrolled in West Africa in what is said to be the most terrible eruption yet. Ebola has already killed over a thousand people in the nations of Liberia, Guinea, Sierra Leone, and Nigeria. While efforts are presently being made to stop the occurrence and quarantine these exaggerated, new infections continue to happen at an upsetting rate and the disease continues to spread. While Ebola may not pretense a considerable threat to the United States or to other non-African nations, the high fatality rate of the disease combine with the lack of average treatment makes it a cause for global concern in spite of of location.
